Hazards

-Stuck On Rappel

Getting stuck on rappel often happens when people are unable to efficiently ascend a rope. In my opinion, being able to efficiently ascending a rope is a necessary skill in canyoneering.

-Stuck Ropes

Typically this can be avoided by setting up the rappel cleanly, separating the ropes when getting off rappel, and pulling the ropes at a favorable angle. The use of a fiddle stick can greatly mitigate the risk of stuck ropes. Note: there are many other good reasons to use a fiddle stick. However, be fully aware of the failure modes of the tool / technique before employing it.

-Catastrophic Fall

The Figure 8 block is commonly used in canyoneering. It seems that many think it is imperative to always use a contingent anchor (not me). Unfortunately, it is not widely known that a Figure 8 block (as traditionally tied) relies on flush solid contact between the Figure 8 and the rappel rings. Usually this naturally happens when the system is loaded and there is no issue. However, when the ring(s) are on chains and are not free hanging (the figure 8 device contacts the rock) or if the rigging is a bit off (e.g., twisted chains), sometime that necessary flush solid contact does not occur. If so, the Figure 8 block can catastrophically fail, meaning the person on rappel essentially free falls.

Here is a video showing how a Figure 8 block fails when there is poor contact between the Figure 8 device and the rappel ring.

Not all anchors in canyoneering need to be contingent. If you decide there is a need for a contingent anchor, I suggest rigging it in a robust manner. For example, a munter mule overhand (MMO) could be used. If a Figure 8 block is used, the tail side of the rope could easily be fixed to the anchor. Many other contingent anchor configurations / techniques can be used. Knowing how to haul up from the anchor can also be useful. Understanding how the rigging you trust your life on works (and fails) is essential. It often about using the right tool at the right time. Context is important.

**Joe’s recommendations here, as everywhere else on this website, are his own opinions (Satori Explore LLC). He is not speaking on behalf of any guiding companies he works for or any search and rescue teams he is a part of. There is a lot more to know than what is discussed above. Use your best judgement and be conservative. Hiring a trained / experienced guide can mitigate the risks.